Three-Dimensional Light Field Fundus Imaging: Automatic Determination of Diagnostically Relevant Optic Nerve Head Parameters

Purpose: Morphological changes to the optic nerve head (ONH) can be detected at the early stages of glaucoma. Three-dimensional imaging and analysis may aid in the diagnosis. Light field (LF) fundus cameras can generate three-dimensional (3D) images of optic disc topography from a single shot and are less susceptible to motion artifacts. Here, we introduce a processing method to determine diagnostically relevant ONH parameters automatically and present the results of a subject study performed to validate this method. Methods: The ONHs of 17 healthy subjects were examined and images were acquired with both an LF fundus camera and by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The LF data were analyzed with a novel algorithm and compared with the results of the OCT study. Depth information was reconstructed, and a model with radial basis functions was used for processing of the 3D point cloud and to provide a finite surface. The peripapillary rising and falling edges were evaluated to determine optic disc and cup contours and finally calculate the parameters. Results: Nine of the 17 subjects exhibited prominent optic cups. The contours and ONH parameters determined by an analysis of LF 3D imaging largely agreed with the data obtained from OCT. The median disc areas, cup areas, and cup depths differed by 0.17 mm ², −0.04 mm ², and −0.07 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The findings presented here suggest the possibility of using LF data to evaluate the ONH. Translational Relevance: LF data can be used to determine geometric parameters of the ONH and thus may be suitable for future use in glaucoma diagnostics.