Targeting angiogenesis via a c-Myc/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α- dependent pathway in multiple myeloma

Bone marrow angiogenesis is associated with multiple myeloma (MM) progression. Here, we report high constitutive hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) expression in MM cells, which is associated with oncogenic c-Myc. Adrug screen for anti-MM agents that decrease Hif-1α and c-Myc levels identified a variety of compounds, including bortezomib, lenalidomide, enzastaurin, and adaphostin. Functionally, based on transient knockdowns and overexpression, our data delineate a c-Myc/Hif-1α-dependent pathway mediating vascular endothelial growth factor production and secretion. The antiangiogenic activity of our tool compound, adaphostin, was subsequently shown in a zebrafish model and translated into a preclinical in vitro and in vivo model of MM in the bone marrow milieu. Our data, therefore, identify Hif-1α as a novel molecular target in MM and add another facet to anti-MM drug activity.