Real-World Treatment Patterns and Timeliness of Clinical Care Pathway for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Austria: The PRATER Retrospective Study

This was a retrospective study of the profile and initial treatments of adults diagnosed with early-stage (ES) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during January 2018-December 2021 at 16 leading hospital institutions in Austria, excluding patients enrolled in clinical trials. In total, 319 patients were enrolled at a planned ~1:1:1 ratio across StI:II:III. Most tested biomarkers were programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1; 58% expressing), Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS; 22% positive), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; 18% positive). Of 115/98/106 StI/II/III patients, 82%/85%/36% underwent surgery, followed by systemic therapy in 9%/45%/47% of those [mostly chemotherapy (ChT)]. Unresected treated StIII patients received ChT + radiotherapy [43%; followed by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in 39% of those], ICI ± ChT (35%), and ChT-alone/radiotherapy-alone (22%). Treatment was initiated a median (interquartile range) of 24 (7-39) days after histological confirmation, and 55 (38-81) days after first medical visit. Based on exploratory analyses of all patients newly diagnosed with any stage NSCLC during 2018-2021 at 14 of the sites (N = 7846), 22%/10%/25%/43% had StI/II/III/IV. The total number was not significantly different between pre-COVID-19 (2018-2019) and study-specific COVID-19 (2020-2021) periods, while StI proportion increased (21% vs. 23%; p = 0.012). Small differences were noted in treatments. In conclusion, treatments were aligned with guideline recommendations at a time which preceded the era of ICIs and targeted therapies in the (neo)adjuvant setting.