Real-time monitoring of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke using rotational thromboelastometry: a feasibility pilot study

INTRODUCTION: Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) records whole blood coagulation in vitro. Data on dynamic changes of clot patterns during intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke is scarce. We investigated the feasibility of ROTEM as a potential point-of-care assessment tool for IVT.

METHODS: In this prospective pilot study, patients with acute stroke symptoms received IVT. Whole blood coagulation was tracked on the ROTEM analyzer. Blood samples were analyzed before, and then 2, 15, 30 and 60 min after beginning IVT. In vitro clots (iCLs) were described by their maximum clot firmness (MCF), the time needed to reach MCF (MCF-t), as well as the area under the curve (AR10). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used as early clinical outcome parameter.

RESULTS: We analyzed 288 iCLs from 12 patients undergoing IVT. In all iCLs, an early fibrinolysis (91% within the first 10 min) was detected during IVT. Three different curve progression patterns were observed: a low-responder pattern with a continuous clot increase, a high-responder pattern with a sustained clot decrease or total clotting suppression and an intermediate-responder pattern with alternating clot characteristics. There was a difference among these groups in early clinical outcome (AR10 and MCF each p = 0.01, MCF-t p = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis Test).

CONCLUSION: The fibrinolysis patterns determined using ROTEM allow for the monitoring of IVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This pilot study found a correlation between the in vitro fibrinolysis patterns and early clinical outcomes. These findings support a potential for individualization of IVT in the future.