TY - JOUR
T1 - A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2
AU - Riggioni, Carmen
AU - Comberiati, Pasquale
AU - Giovannini, Mattia
AU - Agache, Ioana
AU - Akdis, Mübeccel
AU - Alves-Correia, Magna
AU - Antó, Josep M
AU - Arcolaci, Alessandra
AU - Azkur, Ahmet Kursat
AU - Azkur, Dilek
AU - Beken, Burcin
AU - Boccabella, Cristina
AU - Bousquet, Jean
AU - Breiteneder, Heimo
AU - Carvalho, Daniela
AU - De Las Vecillas, Leticia
AU - Diamant, Zuzana
AU - Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon
AU - Eiwegger, Thomas
AU - Eyerich, Stefanie
AU - Fokkens, Wytske
AU - Gao, Ya-Dong
AU - Hannachi, Farah
AU - Johnston, Sebastian L
AU - Jutel, Marek
AU - Karavelia, Aspasia
AU - Klimek, Ludger
AU - Moya, Beatriz
AU - Nadeau, Kari C
AU - O'Hehir, Robyn
AU - O'Mahony, Liam
AU - Pfaar, Oliver
AU - Sanak, Marek
AU - Schwarze, Jürgen
AU - Sokolowska, Milena
AU - Torres, María J
AU - van de Veen, Willem
AU - van Zelm, Menno C
AU - Wang, De Yun
AU - Zhang, Luo
AU - Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo
AU - Akdis, Cezmi A
N1 - Funding Information:
IA serves as associate editor of Allergy. JB reports personal fees from Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis, Takeda, Teva, Uriach, KYomed Innov, and Purina, outside the submitted work. DC is an employee of a Clinical Research Organization. ZD has acted as Executive and Scientific Medical Director at a phase I/II pharmacological unit (QPS‐NL) in the past 3 years, which performs clinical studies for pharmaceutical companies; and received honoraria, consultancy, and speaker fees from Acucort, AstraZeneca, ALK, Aquilon, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL, HAL Allergy, MSD, and Sanofi‐Genzyme. TE reports grants from DBV, Innovation fund Denmark, CIHR, and Regeneron. TE is the Co‐I or scientific lead in three investigator‐initiated oral immunotherapy trials including the usage of biologicals supported by the Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, Sickkids, and CIHR. TE serves as associate editor for Allergy and is on the advisory board for ALK. WF reports grants and personal fees from Sanofi and Novartis, and grants from GSK, Mylan, ALK, and Allergy Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. SLJ reports personal fees from Virtus Respiratory Research, Myelo Therapeutics GmbH, Concert Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Synairgen, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Gerson Lehrman Group, resTORbio, Bioforce, Materia Medical Holdings, PrEP Biopharm, Pulmotect, Virion Health, Lallemand Pharma, and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. SLJ has these patents: Wark PA, Johnston SL, Holgate ST, and Davies DE (antivirus therapy for respiratory diseases, UK patent application No. GB 0405634.7, 12 March 2004) with royalties paid; Wark PA, Johnston SL, Holgate ST, and Davies DE (interferon‐beta for antivirus therapy for respiratory diseases, international patent application No. PCT/ GB05/50031, 12 March 2004) with royalties paid; and Davies DE, Wark PA, Holgate ST, and Johnston SL (interferon lambda therapy for the treatment of respiratory disease, UK patent application No. 6779645.9, granted 15 August 2012, licensed). MJ reports personal fees from ALK‐Abelló, Allergopharma, Stallergenes, Anergis, Allergy Therapeutics, Circassia, Leti, Biomay, and HAL during the conduct of the study; and personal fees from AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, Teva, Vectura, UCB, Takeda, Roche, Janssen, MedImmune, and Chiesi, outside the submitted work. LK reports grants and personal fees from Allergopharma, MEDA/Mylan, Sanofi, and LETI Pharma; reports personal fees from HAL Allergie and Allergy Therapeut; reports grants from ALK‐Abelló, Stallergenes, Quintiles, ASIT biotech, Lofarma, AstraZeneca, GSK, and Inmunotek, outside the submitted work; and is a member of AeDA, DGHNO, Deutsche Akademie für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie, HNO‐BV GPA, and EAACI. LOM reports personal fees from AHL and grants from GSK outside the submitted work. KN reports grants from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE), End Allergies Together (EAT), Allergenis, and Ukko Pharma; is grant awardee at NIAID, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); is involved in Clinical trials with Regeneron, Genentech, Aimmune Therapeutics, DBV Technologies, AnaptysBio, Adare Pharmaceuticals, and Stallergenes‐Greer; reports research sponsorship by Novartis, Sanofi, Astellas, Nestle; is Data and Safety Monitoring Board Member at Novartis and NHLBI; cofounded Before Brands, Alladapt, ForTra, and IgGenix; is Chief Intellectual Officer at FARE and Director of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence at Stanford; reports personal fees from Regeneron, AstraZeneca, ImmuneWorks, and Cour Pharmaceuticals; is Consultant and Advisory Board Member at Ukko, Before Brands, Alladapt, IgGenix, Probio, Vedanta, Centecor, Seed, Novartis, NHBLI, EPA, and National Scientific Committee of ITN and NIH Programs; and has US patents (patent numbers 62/647,389; 62/119,014; 12/610,940, 12/686,121, 10/064,936, 62/767,444; application numbers S10‐392). OP reports grants and personal fees from ALK‐Abelló, Allergopharma, Stallergenes Greer, HAL Allergy Holding BV/HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH/Allergy Therapeutics, Lofarma, ASIT Biotech Tools SA, Laboratorios LETI/LETI Pharma, and Anergis SA; grants from Biomay and Circassia; personal fees from MEDA Pharma/MYLAN, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GA2LEN Partner), Indoor Biotechnologies, Glaxo Smith Kline; and personal fees from Astellas Pharma Global, EUFOREA, ROXALL, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis, Med Update Europe GmbH, and streamedup! GmbH, outside the submitted work, JS reports personal fees from MYLAN and F2F events, outside the submitted work; and industry support to educational activities of the Scottish Allergy and Respiratory Academy and of the Children's and Young people's Allergy Network Scotland; industry support to EAACI. JS serves as EAACI Secretary General (2019‐2021). MSo reports grants from Swiss National Science Foundation and GSK, outside the submitted work; CA reports grants from Allergopharma, Idorsia, Swiss National Science Foundation, Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education, European Commission's Horizon's 2020 Framework Programme, Cure, Novartis Research Institutes, AstraZeneca, Scibase, GlaxoSmithKline, and other from Sanofi & Regeneron. All other authors have no conflict of interest within the scope of the submitted work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a pandemic. To date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID-19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence-based medical advice on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self-limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID-19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a "cytokine storm" leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thromboembolic complications, and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID-19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID-19-related topics should be based on more coordinated high-quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development, and epidemiology. A total of 150 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID-19 and allergic disease.
AB - In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a pandemic. To date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID-19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence-based medical advice on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self-limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID-19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a "cytokine storm" leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thromboembolic complications, and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID-19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID-19-related topics should be based on more coordinated high-quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development, and epidemiology. A total of 150 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID-19 and allergic disease.
KW - Betacoronavirus/immunology
KW - COVID-19
KW - Coronavirus Infections/complications
KW - Humans
KW - Hypersensitivity/complications
KW - Pandemics
KW - Pneumonia, Viral/complications
KW - SARS-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85088247928&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/all.14449
DO - 10.1111/all.14449
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32535955
SN - 0105-4538
VL - 75
SP - 2503
EP - 2541
JO - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 10
ER -