@article{f4c9c2a573b9499286076df0927e8c6f,
title = "Identification of Pru du 6 as a potential marker allergen for almond allergy",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Oral food challenges have demonstrated that diagnosis of almond allergy based on extract-sIgE tests displays low specificity. Molecular allergy diagnosis is expected to improve accuracy, but its value in diagnosing almond allergy remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify relevant almond allergens and examine their ability to improve almond allergy diagnosis.METHODS: IgE-reactive proteins were purified from almond kernels. IgE binding to almond extract and the allergens was analyzed by quantitative ELISA using sera from 18 subjects with a proven almond allergy. The control group consisted of sera from 18 subjects allergic to peanut and/or tree nuts but tolerant to almond.RESULTS: Three IgE-binding proteins were identified: legumin (Pru du 6), alpha-hairpinin (Pru du 8), and mandelonitrile lyase (Pru du 10). Positive IgE (≥0.35 kU/L) to almond extract showed 94% sensitivity but only 33% specificity. IgE to Pru du 6 maintained high sensitivity (83%) and provided superior specificity (78%). Sera from almond-allergic subjects had significantly higher IgE levels to almond extract (P < .0001) and Pru du 6 (P < .0001) than sera from tolerant donors. Sensitization to Pru du 6 was highly specific for almond allergy, while frequencies of sensitization to legumins from peanut, walnut, hazelnut, and cashew were similar in both groups. IgE to Pru du 8 and Pru du 10 was less sensitive (41% and 67%), but showed specificities of 100% and 61%.CONCLUSION: The use of almond allergens markedly increases the diagnostic specificity compared to the extract. Pru du 6 is a potential new molecular marker for almond allergy.",
keywords = "Allergens, Antigens, Plant, Arachis, Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis, Humans, Immunoglobulin E, Plant Proteins, Prunus dulcis",
author = "Stefan Kabasser and Christine Hafner and Sharon Chinthrajah and Sindher, {Sayantani B} and Divya Kumar and Kost, {Laurie E} and Long, {Andrew J} and Nadeau, {Kari C} and Heimo Breiteneder and Merima Bublin",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by funds of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), Anniversary Fund, project number: 17560. The protein identification was performed using resources of the VetCore Facility (Proteomics) of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. Funding Information: This work was supported by funds of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), Anniversary Fund, project number: 17560. The protein identification was performed using resources of the VetCore Facility (Proteomics) of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. Funding Information: Dr. Chinthrajah reports grants from NIAID, CoFAR, Aimmune, DBV Technologies, Astellas, Regeneron, an Advisory member for Alladapt, Genentech, Novartis, and receives personal fees from Before Brands outside the submitted work. Dr. Nadeau reports grants from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), grants from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), grants from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), grants from Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE), other from World Allergy Organization (WAO), other from Cour Pharma, other from Before Brands, other from Alladapt, other from Latitude, other from IgGenix, other from Immune Tolerance Network (ITN), other from National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical research centers, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Nadeau has a patent Inhibition of Allergic Reaction to Peanut Allergen using an IL‐33 Inhibitor pending, a patent Special Oral Formula for Decreasing Food Allergy Risk and Treatment for Food Allergy pending, a patent Basophil Activation Based Diagnostic Allergy Test pending, a patent Granulocyte‐based methods for detecting and monitoring immune system disorders pending, a patent Methods and Assays for Detecting and Quantifying Pure Subpopulations of White Blood Cells in Immune System Disorders pending, a patent Mixed Allergen Compositions and Methods for Using the Same pending, and a patent Microfluidic Device and Diagnostic Methods for Allergy Testing Based on Detection of Basophil Activation pending. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflict of interest related to this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2021",
month = may,
doi = "10.1111/all.14613",
language = "English",
volume = "76",
pages = "1463--1472",
journal = "Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology",
issn = "0105-4538",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "5",
}