TY - CHAP
T1 - From Groundwater to Drinking Water – Current Approaches for Microbial Monitoring and Risk Assessment in Porous Aquifers
AU - Derx, Julia
AU - Linke, Rita
AU - Savio, Domenico
AU - Emelko, Monica
AU - Schmidt, Philip
AU - Schijven, Jack
AU - Pang, Liping
AU - Sommer, Regina
AU - Stevenson, Margaret
AU - Van Den Berg, Harold
AU - Rutjes, Saskia
AU - Farnleitner, Andreas H.
AU - Blaschke, Alfred Paul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Groundwater and riverbank filtrate are valuable resources for drinking water production. The presence of pathogens in the environment poses a threat to drinking water quality and human health. This chapter summarizes the current approaches for evaluating pathogen fate and transport in the environment, their removal during subsurface transport in porous aquifers and the needed infection protection to achieve safe drinking water. The focus is on whole-system concepts as proposed by the (WHO, 2017) considering potential fecal sources in water resource catchments towards the point of use. We explain how microbial pathogens move through groundwater and give an overview about the traditional and novel monitoring techniques to investigate fecal contamination in water. Modelling techniques are presented for estimating the required pathogen treatment reduction by riverbank filtration or subsequent disinfection steps to achieve safe drinking water or safe setback distances. The monitoring and modelling techniques include monitoring of natural and artificial fecal indicators and host-associated genetic fecal markers (microbial source tracking (MST) markers) in surface water and groundwater as surrogates for studying pathogen treatment and transport characteristics, experimental tracer tests, analytical and numerical transport models and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). We discuss the strengths and limitations of the presented approaches.
AB - Groundwater and riverbank filtrate are valuable resources for drinking water production. The presence of pathogens in the environment poses a threat to drinking water quality and human health. This chapter summarizes the current approaches for evaluating pathogen fate and transport in the environment, their removal during subsurface transport in porous aquifers and the needed infection protection to achieve safe drinking water. The focus is on whole-system concepts as proposed by the (WHO, 2017) considering potential fecal sources in water resource catchments towards the point of use. We explain how microbial pathogens move through groundwater and give an overview about the traditional and novel monitoring techniques to investigate fecal contamination in water. Modelling techniques are presented for estimating the required pathogen treatment reduction by riverbank filtration or subsequent disinfection steps to achieve safe drinking water or safe setback distances. The monitoring and modelling techniques include monitoring of natural and artificial fecal indicators and host-associated genetic fecal markers (microbial source tracking (MST) markers) in surface water and groundwater as surrogates for studying pathogen treatment and transport characteristics, experimental tracer tests, analytical and numerical transport models and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). We discuss the strengths and limitations of the presented approaches.
KW - Fecal indicators
KW - Genetic microbial source tracking (MST) markers
KW - Hydrological monitoring
KW - Microbial pathogen transport models in groundwater
KW - Microbial transport models in surface water
KW - Observational data uncertainty
KW - Pathogen surrogates
KW - QMRA
KW - Reference pathogens
KW - Riverbank filtration
KW - Supporting molecular biological diagnostics
KW - Tracer test
KW - Water safety plan (WSP)
KW - Water supply
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148840659&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-819166-8.00175-4
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-819166-8.00175-4
M3 - Chapter in book/report
SN - 9780128191668
VL - 3
SP - 580
EP - 594
BT - Encyclopedia of Inland Waters
PB - Elsevier
ER -