TY - JOUR
T1 - Chronic kidney disease is more prevalent among women but more men than women are under nephrological care
T2 - Analysis from six outpatient clinics in Austria 2019
AU - Lewandowski, Michal J
AU - Krenn, Simon
AU - Kurnikowski, Amelie
AU - Bretschneider, Philipp
AU - Sattler, Martina
AU - Schwaiger, Elisabeth
AU - Antlanger, Marlies
AU - Gauckler, Philipp
AU - Pirklbauer, Markus
AU - Brunner, Maria
AU - Horn, Sabine
AU - Zitt, Emanuel
AU - Kirsch, Bernhard
AU - Windpessl, Martin
AU - Wallner, Manfred
AU - Aringer, Ida
AU - Wiesholzer, Martin
AU - Hecking, Manfred
AU - Hödlmoser, Sebastian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - BACKGROUND: A discrepancy between sex-specific treatment of kidney failure by dialysis (higher in men) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population (higher in women) has been reported internationally, but the prevalence by sex has not been described for Austria. Sex disparity among nephrology outpatients has not been studied.METHODS: We employed two formulae (2009 CKD-EPI suppressing the race factor, and race-free 2021 CKD-EPI) to estimate the sex distribution of CKD in Austrian primary care, based on creatinine measurements recorded in a medical sample of 39,800 patients from general practitioners' offices (1989-2008). Further, we collected information from all clinic appointments scheduled at nephrology departments of 6 Austrian hospitals (Wien, Linz, Wels, St. Pölten, Villach, Innsbruck) during 2019 and calculated visit frequencies by sex.RESULTS: Using the 2009 CKD-EPI formula, the prevalence of CKD in stages G3-G5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 16.4% among women and 8.5% among men aged > 18 years who had attended general practitioners' offices in Austria between 1989 and 2008 and had at least one creatinine measurement performed. Using the 2021 CKD-EPI formula, the respective CKD prevalence was 12.3% among women and 6.1% among men. In 2019, 45% of all outpatients at 6 participating nephrology departments were women. The median of nephrology clinic visits in 2019 was two (per year) for both sexes.CONCLUSION: CKD is more prevalent among Austrian women than men. Men are more prevalent in nephrology outpatient services. Research into causes of this sex disparity is urgently needed.
AB - BACKGROUND: A discrepancy between sex-specific treatment of kidney failure by dialysis (higher in men) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population (higher in women) has been reported internationally, but the prevalence by sex has not been described for Austria. Sex disparity among nephrology outpatients has not been studied.METHODS: We employed two formulae (2009 CKD-EPI suppressing the race factor, and race-free 2021 CKD-EPI) to estimate the sex distribution of CKD in Austrian primary care, based on creatinine measurements recorded in a medical sample of 39,800 patients from general practitioners' offices (1989-2008). Further, we collected information from all clinic appointments scheduled at nephrology departments of 6 Austrian hospitals (Wien, Linz, Wels, St. Pölten, Villach, Innsbruck) during 2019 and calculated visit frequencies by sex.RESULTS: Using the 2009 CKD-EPI formula, the prevalence of CKD in stages G3-G5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 16.4% among women and 8.5% among men aged > 18 years who had attended general practitioners' offices in Austria between 1989 and 2008 and had at least one creatinine measurement performed. Using the 2021 CKD-EPI formula, the respective CKD prevalence was 12.3% among women and 6.1% among men. In 2019, 45% of all outpatients at 6 participating nephrology departments were women. The median of nephrology clinic visits in 2019 was two (per year) for both sexes.CONCLUSION: CKD is more prevalent among Austrian women than men. Men are more prevalent in nephrology outpatient services. Research into causes of this sex disparity is urgently needed.
KW - CKD
KW - CKD-EPI 2021 equation
KW - Outpatient
KW - Outpatient services utilization
KW - Sex disparity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137205516&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00508-022-02074-3
DO - 10.1007/s00508-022-02074-3
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36044092
SN - 0043-5325
VL - 135
SP - 89
EP - 96
JO - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
JF - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
IS - 3-4
ER -