TY - JOUR
T1 - Autoimmunity in Acute Myocarditis
T2 - How Immunopathogenesis Steers New Directions for Diagnosis and Treatment
AU - Bruestle, Karina
AU - Hackner, Klaus
AU - Kreye, Gudrun
AU - Heidecker, Bettina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/5/1
Y1 - 2020/5/1
N2 - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the last decade, myocarditis has been increasingly recognized as common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults and heart failure overall. The purpose of this review is to discuss hypothesis of development of non-infectious myocarditis, to provide a description of the immunopathogenesis and the most common mechanisms of autoimmunity in myocarditis, and to provide an update on therapeutic options.RECENT FINDINGS: A new entity of myocarditis is immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) induced myocarditis. ICIs are used in advanced cancer to "disinhibit" the immune system and make it more aggressive in fighting cancer. This novel drug class has doubled life expectancy in metastatic melanoma and significantly increased progression free survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, but comes with a risk of autoimmune diseases such as myocarditis resulting from an overly aggressive immune system. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart with major public health impact. Thorough understanding of its immunopathogenesis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the last decade, myocarditis has been increasingly recognized as common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults and heart failure overall. The purpose of this review is to discuss hypothesis of development of non-infectious myocarditis, to provide a description of the immunopathogenesis and the most common mechanisms of autoimmunity in myocarditis, and to provide an update on therapeutic options.RECENT FINDINGS: A new entity of myocarditis is immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) induced myocarditis. ICIs are used in advanced cancer to "disinhibit" the immune system and make it more aggressive in fighting cancer. This novel drug class has doubled life expectancy in metastatic melanoma and significantly increased progression free survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, but comes with a risk of autoimmune diseases such as myocarditis resulting from an overly aggressive immune system. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart with major public health impact. Thorough understanding of its immunopathogenesis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
KW - Acute Disease
KW - Autoimmune Diseases
KW - Autoimmunity
KW - Humans
KW - Myocarditis/immunology
KW - Myocarditis
KW - Immune checkpoint inhibitors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082092286&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11886-020-01278-1
DO - 10.1007/s11886-020-01278-1
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32198622
SN - 1523-3782
VL - 22
SP - 28
JO - Current Cardiology Reports
JF - Current Cardiology Reports
IS - 5
M1 - 28
ER -